Morphology of a Folktale and the Battle of Two Heroes

Myths are often times very complex and difficult to understand, so in order to attain a better understanding of a myth we apply certain strategies and techniques, such as Vladimir Propp’s Morphology of the Folktale, to ensure a more effective or deeper understanding of a myth. Propp’s structuralist approach, when used to analyze the Iliad, creates a very streamlined outline of what should occur throughout the story; however, as Professor Jamison has made very clear during lecture, the things that stand out are what one is supposed to look into. The structured outline makes it much more feasible to pin point the instances that stand out, and because of that one is able to further analyze that specific instance and find its significance in the myth. In the book twenty-two of the Iliad, the two great warriors Achilleus and Hektor clash and Achilleus is triumphant. Thereafter, the question arises of whether or not good triumphed over evil, and my simple answer is no, neither good nor evil triumphed. I say that because it is difficult for one to recognize the fact that neither warrior is explicitly more â€Å"evil† than the other due to the fact that â€Å"even worst enemies are deeply, fundamentally the same—desirous of glory and immortality;† however, as Saul Levin states, â€Å"the Greeks†¦ reinterpreted the Iliad so as to idealize Achilles and ignore Hector,† so it is only natural for one to see Achilleus as the good warrior. In light of that, Hector actually â€Å"moves most modern readersShow MoreRelatedMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesmaking them more easily available, originated with Mikel Dufrenne, Professor at the University of Paris-Nanterre and editor of the series in which this work was published in French. He has my very warm gratitude. C . M. Cannes August 1967 here. On two or three definite and important points, this text no longer corresponds to the present state of the problems it confronts. I have taken this opportunity to clarify it and place it in perspective by means of footnotes, for the method and the structure

Management Styles - 1016 Words

There are several very different types of management styles ranging from democratic which allows the subordinates to play an active role in the decisions that management makes to autocratic which cuts the subordinate out of the decision making process allowing those in management to make a unilateral decision. Both styles have their proponents as well as their detractors. This paper will outline the various forms of management and attempt to clarify and categorize their various strengths and weaknesses. I. AUTOCRATIC ________________________________________ As previously mentioned, this form of management does not consider what the subordinates or employees think; but rather allows the members of management to make unilateral decisions†¦show more content†¦Goleman also warns that â€Å"the democratic style can have its drawbacks. One results when a leader over relies on this approach is exasperating, endless meetings in which ideas are mulled over, consensus remains elusive, and the only visible outcome is to schedule yet more meetings (Goleman, Boyatzis and McKee).† III. PARTICIPATIVE ________________________________________ The participative style is a hybrid between the autocratic and the democratic styles of management. This style will often ask for and listen to the opinions of subordinate employees, but in the end they do not have a say in the final decision (Exploring Different Management Styles). This style is an attempt at a compromise whereby the subordinates get to speak their mind and yet the managers are still free to make snap decisions that are in the best interest of the company. Some subordinates may still feel that they are not truly being heard by management. To help promote morale, the managers of an organization need to make sure that any idea that was submitted by a subordinate is publically implemented. If the employees see that as a whole they are being heard then they will not take it personally whenShow MoreRelatedManagement Style1277 Words   |  6 PagesAs you may know, different management styles are required in different parts of the world. It is important to choose the right management style for each situation, which is a key to success for an organization. All managers use a management process which consists of planning, organizing, leading and controlling. So they have to perform many roles in an enterprise. What they can do with various situations will totally depend on their style of management. A management style is an overall method of leadershipRead MoreManagement Styles1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe management culture provides the deve loping direction of a company. It decides the characteristic and company culture in an enterprise. However, the style can be influenced by certain factors, such as, policy, history background, social system, international competition. In this essay, three management styles and two company types will be indentified and discussed. Management style belongs to management strategy; it can be composed of operation strategy, company culture and managers. ToRead MoreManagement Styles Analysis1456 Words   |  6 PagesManagement Styles Management is a far-running subject and there are many definitions of management. From my point of view, management is described as a process to get something done in the business environment. It is the person called Manager who gets various jobs done by assign works to people working with him/her. How the Manager can get the things done effectively and efficiently is an important problem that should be researched. Robert Tannenbaum and Warren H. Schmidt (1958, 1973), who arguedRead MoreThe Autocratic Style Of Management922 Words   |  4 PagesManagement is a key part in any organizations. Managers are the people that make the decisions that affect everybody below them.This job is very demanding and requires people to be attentive to their surroundings, situations, and their co-workers to be truly effective. Naturally, not every person is going to manage a group of workers the same way, but there are predefined terms to describe how managers manage. There is the autocratic style, t he democratic style, the chaotic style, and managementRead MoreThe Autocratic Management Style As A Non Effective Style1077 Words   |  5 PagesThe Autocratic Management style is not hard to distinguish in the workplace. Opinions are kept to themselves concerning the firm’s approach to cases, and all employees know what they are expected to do and not do. In this management style only one attorney is in charge and he or she resolves all issues. This type of management style can be thought of as more of a dictatorship. They can be found in small-scale offices and there is only one attorney proprietor. The staff is never in doubt aboutRead MoreAn Introduction to Management Styles3058 Words   |  13 PagesUnit 4001 - An Introduction to Management Styles 1. Be able to understand assumptions about human nature and managerial behaviour. 1.1 Identify models which make suppositions about human nature and behaviour at work Theory X and Theory Y represent two sets of assumptions about human nature and human behaviour that are relevant to the practice of management. They describe two contrasting models of workforce motivation. Theory X represents a negative view on of human nature that assumes individualsRead More4001 Management Styles3336 Words   |  14 PagesUNIT 4001 – An Introduction to Management Style By: Peter Collins Candidate Number: P04352307 Question 1 a) Select two models that were covered on the training programme, which make suppositions about human nature and how people behave at work, and briefly describe them. b) With reference to these models, discuss how individual attitudes and assumptions can influence your behaviour as a manager. Question 2 a) Describe the three management styles of Laissez-Faire, Participative and AutocraticRead MoreThe Relationship between the Structure, Culture, and Management Styles in Tescos1070 Words   |  5 PagesThe Relationship between the Structure, Culture, and Management Styles in Tescos There is a clear relationship between the structure, culture and management styles in Tescos here are some examples showing this: Tescos uses power culture which has a top down (tall structure) whereby objectives are determined by the individual or individuals. This structure is also linked in with an autocratic management style as this structure tends to have a ‘them and us attitude’ whichRead More The Management Style at Cadbury Essay1083 Words   |  5 PagesA description of the management style used at Cadbury There are three main management styles that a business can have these are:  · Democratic  · Consultative  · Autocratic  · Laissez-faire Cadbury’s management style is democratic. This is when all members of staff work together as a team. The managers listen to the other employees ideas and suggestions before they go ahead with decisions. If ideas are found to be achievable and successful by the senior group, then it is taken forwardRead MoreOrganizational Theories and Management Styles1585 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational theories and management styles are key factors in the success of an organization. These theories can determine the structure of the organization by defining the best way to organize and work employees and by helping the organization adapt to its environment. Organizations and managers are unique in their own way; however most organizations and managers can be grouped into categories or types depending on their organizational or management styles. Organizational Theories Organizational

Corporate Communication Importance of External Corporate

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Communication for Importance of External Corporate. Answer: Introduction In the recent times, it has been observed that companies are increasingly dedicating their time and resources to promote their public relations initiatives. Corporate communication managers and executives have a wide array of media channels at their disposal. These maybe used to communicate their corporate social responsibility CSR credentials. In fact, businesses are continuously being scrutinized by the declaration of the CSR activities in Annual reports, social media and word of mouth. The external corporate communication is not only driven by unprecedented ideological construct for a change in the society but also the financial return which can be obtained from the various types of endeavors related to corporate social responsibility. Hence, CSR communication is produced, translated and integrated according to the companys requirements (Cornelissen 2014). Companies use broadcast advertising, including TV and radio commercials for the purpose of corporate communication. Several profit-making firms could also utilize print media such as newspapers and magazines to disseminate their message to their target audience. It has been observed that newspaper articles often reflect corporate ideologies of various types of social responsibilities and assumptions stating public expectations and react here with what they perceive as the same. The companies are also seen using various types of outdoor advertisements such as billboards and signage on brick and mortar premises (Colleoni 2013). External corporate communication The external communicators of CSR such as consumer forums, monitoring groups, customers and the media is often observed to emphasize more control of the message of CSR communication by different participants of value chain. The members of the value chain include employees and different types of channel members while the customers and monitoring groups are not considered as a part of the value chain. In order to draw a trade-off between the credibility and controllability of CSR it has been observed that less controllable is the communicator more reliable and credible is its CSR communication to its stakeholders and vice versa (Argenti 2015). According to Hameed et al.(2016), consumer are observed to react more positively to a companys CSR policies when they learn about the fact that such communications are coming from a neutral source which are unbiased evaluations of corporate activities. External corporate communication mainly focuses on companys engagement in different types of social causes. The commitment is based on three key aspects namely the amount of input, the consistency in the input and the durability of the Association. The communication strategy has further provided an insight in the stakeholders analysis such as customers, investors, employees. CSR has been observed with unique ability to endeavor future stakeholder relationships (Amini and Bienstock 2014). Unlike the different types of other marketing information, the external communication to CSR flips a companys character and reviews the attributions of the motives of shareholders thereby underlining crucial activities of the shareholders. The primary elements of both internal and external communication outcomes are shown below with the diagram as follows: Figure 1: Framework of external corporate communication (Source: Conference-board.org. 2016) Use of annual report for corporate communication At present, the most common form of communicating sustainability issues to stakeholders is done through the website of the respective companies although, the next best alternative is via annual report, which encompasses on variety of social responsibility issues. Some of the most prominent companies addressing their CSR activities through annual report are Coca-Cola, IBM, Deutsche Post DHL, Celanese and Unilever. According to a report published by the conference board nearly 35.2% of participants are known to release stand alone annual report for CSR communication. Figure 2: Depiction of companies using annual report to encompass sustainability issues (Source: Conferenceboard.ca. 2016) Use of newspaper for corporate communication As stated by Asemah et al. (2013), CSR communication via news media plays a significant role due to its potential to reach a large audience and in many cases, it is perceived to be more credible than the internal communicators of the company. Some of the major elements addressed the sustainability issues include the relevance to the respective campaigns, mentioning of companys activities, nature of publication and association with CSR campaign. The newspaper media not only reaches to a large number of stakeholders but it also increases the possibility of the company to gain the trust of several other potential consumers. The newspaper media also plays an important role in enhancing the existing sustainability policies by knowing about the efficiency of the present activities (Utz, Schultz, and Glocka 2013). Influence of word-of-mouth for corporate communication Although word-of-mouth is informal medium of external communication, yet it is considered one of the most credible channels to reach among other stakeholder groups. In order to address the several issues related to sustainability issues, companies should not underrate the power and reach of the employees as a medium of external communication. The employees are known to have a wider reach among the different types of stakeholder groups through their social ties and hence companies should often look forward to tune up the internal communication strategy in order to find ways to engage employees and convert them for an effective external corporate communication (Cornelissen 2014). As stated by Kim, Sung, and Kang (2014), the power of word-of-mouth has been seen in form of social media (such as Twitter, Facebook), blogs and several other social media platforms. The use of this has been seen in companies like Stonyfield Farm, which has witnessed consumer ambassadors to deliver their corporate social responsibilities (Gauthereaugroup.com. 2016). Conclusion The importance of external corporate communication is seen in maintaining a more positive reaction of consumers and providing unbiased evaluations of the companys activity. The communication media such as newspaper, word of mouth and annual report only focuses on one-to-one communication between the producer and the consumer of the message translated. To avoid this, external communicators should become proficient in the use of digital media in addition to traditional media to increase their impact of their corporate communication. This is evident by the fact that Internet has completely reshaped corporate communication at different levels. With the advent of Internet peer had been emergence of new participatory public sphere which is mainly based on many to many communication channel where public collaborate in not only listening to the communication but also in the creation of content. Reference List Amini, M. and Bienstock, C.C., 2014. Corporate sustainability: an integrative definition and framework to evaluate corporate practice and guide academic research. Journal of Cleaner Production, 76, pp.12-19. Argenti, P.A., 2015. Corporate communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Asemah, E.S., Okpanachi, R.A. and Olumuji, E.O., 2013. Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility Performance of Organisations: A Key to Winning Stakeholders Goodwill. AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2(4), pp.27-54. Colleoni, E., 2013. CSR communication strategies for organizational legitimacy in social media. Corporate Communications: an international journal, 18(2), pp.228-248. Conferenceboard.ca. (2016). 2016 EventCSR Summit . [online] Available at: https://www.conferenceboard.ca/conf/csrsummit/default.aspx [Accessed 31 Aug. 2016]. Conference-board.org. (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.conference-board.org/retrievefile.cfm?filename=TCB%20DN-V3N6-111.pdftype=subsite [Accessed 30 Aug. 2016]. Cornelissen, J., 2014. Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Cornelissen, J., 2014. Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Gauthereaugroup.com. (2016). Stonyfield Farms Wide-Ranging CSR Initiatives are World Class - Gauthereau Group. [online] Available at: https://gauthereaugroup.com/stonyfield-farms-wide-ranging-csr-initiatives-are-world-class/ [Accessed 31 Aug. 2016]. Hameed, I., Riaz, Z., Arain, G.A. and Farooq, O., 2016. How Do Internal and External CSR Affect Employees Organizational Identification? A Perspective From the Group Engagement Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, p.788. Kim, E., Sung, Y. and Kang, H., 2014. Brand followers retweeting behavior on Twitter: How brand relationships influence brand electronic word-of-mouth. Computers in Human Behavior, 37, pp.18-25. Utz, S., Schultz, F. and Glocka, S., 2013. Crisis communication online: How medium, crisis type and emotions affected public reactions in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. Public Relations Review, 39(1), pp.40-46.

Why Has East Asia Grown Much Faster Than Africa Essay Example

Why Has East Asia Grown Much Faster Than Africa? Essay Many nations in Africa observed an impressive growth rate in the early 1990. These were relatively greater than those obtained in the Asian Countries. However, between the 1960s and 1990s, Africa has witnessed a continuous decline in growth and this has raised concerns about what Africa could learn from the miracle of the East-Asian countries. This decline is general for most if not all African countries but emphasis is place on sub-Saharan Africa than on North Africa because the latter is grouped under a different regional economy in the same class with the Middle East. A notable example of comparisms between the growth pace in sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia is that between Nigeria and Indonesia. Prior to the 1970, Nigeria was growing faster than Indonesia but this trend changed markedly in the last quarter of the Twentieth century despite the similar experience of oil boom in a predominately agricultural economy (Collier and Gunning, 1999). We further note that the deterioration in Africa was witnessed both in political and economic terms. This raises further concerns when viewed from the perspective of global economy given that globalization of the world economy is perhaps the most important trend that affects the current environment for economic development. It offers great opportunities for poor countries to accelerate their economic development. But, it also poses new and substantial challenges for economic management. (Aryeetey E. et al 2005) Within this context, there has been a tendency to contrast Africa’s growth tragedy over the last three decades with the economic miracle of East Asia. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Has East Asia Grown Much Faster Than Africa? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why Has East Asia Grown Much Faster Than Africa? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why Has East Asia Grown Much Faster Than Africa? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There are certainly likely to be lessons from the East Asian experiences that policy-makers in sub-Saharan Africa could adapt to their own situations. Lessons can be learnt both from the era of rapid growth in East Asia as well as from the ongoing economic crisis. AN OVERVIEW The Southeast Asian nations Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand would seem to offer the most relevant lessons for Sub-Saharan Africa. Southeast Asia and Africa had similar levels of income in the 1960s and 1970s. This can be seen in the graph below, which highlights the changes in GDP per capita in Southeast Asia and Africa since 1970. The two regions also had relatively similar social and political conditions at that time. The graph powerfully illustrates the sustained growth in Southeast Asia for twenty-five years as well as the marked decline in Africa’s fortunes since the early 1980s. Source: Calculated from World Development Indicators (World Bank, 1997). Over the years there has been a debate of whether the slow growth rate in Africa is due to internal or external factors. Be that as it may, a better judgement of the issues is one that recognises influence of both domestic and exogenous factors in determining Africa’s growth rate. Most crucial is the issue of low level of investment in Africa. This goes in line with the simple Harrod-Dommer growth model which posits that with a constant capital-output ratio, an economy needs to save and invest in order to grow. We therefore look at the endogenous and exogenous factors that has inhibited Africa’s growth rate relative to that of East Asia. DOMESTIC FACTORS Slow growth rate in Africa has been originally associated with some geographic and demographic characteristics. Firstly, most countries in Africa are landlocked and have little access to the sea, besides this the tropical climate experienced in Africa provides a breading ground for mosquitoes which has led to high occurrence of the Malaria infection. This disease has killed millions of Africans. An estimated 300-500 million cases each year cause 1. 5 to 2. 7 million deaths (ARCHI, www ). Furthermore, Africa is known for its high fertility rate. Although it also experienced high infant mortality rates, the improvement in health provisions has led to a dramatic increase in population size. Over the past 40 years Africa has not witnessed the demographic transition experienced in East Asian and Latin American countries, and this is a major contributing factor to Africa slow growth rate (Bloom and Sachs, 1998). This can be looked at from two angles in that high fertility rate can be seen as consequence of low levels of income or as a result of it. Invariable, high fertility rate is associated with poor health standards which affects productivity. China once suffered from this same issue and has over the years implemented demographic policies towards reducing fertility rate. We note that the situation could worsen if the HIV/AID pandemic is not controlled effectively and this would lead to high mortality rate among the adult population and thus, a decline in productive labour supply. World bank figures (1999) show that 20-25% of adults are infected with HIV (Collier and Gunning, 1999) Agriculture constitutes a major source of growth in many developing countries. Africa’s slow growth rate can also be related to poor soil quality as much of Africa is semi arid with unstable rainfalls. The rainfall amount has been on the decrease since the 1960s and this affects the investment plans of rural households who depend on agriculture for employment. A further problem is that Africa has poor population density and this implies high transportation costs in the movement of capital and output. Furthermore, Africa is multicultural which occasionally gives rise to marginalisation, conflicts and wars. Cultural diversification exists in Asia as well but the magnitude is more in Africa. An illustration when comparisms are made between Nigeria and China reveals that China has about 12 ethnic groups while Nigeria has about 250 (World Fact Book). The adverse effects of these cannot be overemphasised as the destruction of property and the loss of lives further deteriorates growth. Domestic Policy The dominance of the public sector over the private sector has been a major contributing factor to the slow growth rate in Africa. Most of Africa, after the pre-colonial era experienced autocratic leadership far from democratic ones. This led to an expansion of the public sector. In Ghana and Kenya for instance, public sector provides about 75% and 50% of wage employment. The large number of public sector employees was reconciled with limited tax revenue by reducing wage rates and no-wage expenditures. The ratio of wage to non-wage expenditure in African public sector is double that in East Asia, and this has lowered the quality of public services (Collier and Gunning, 1999). Inadequacies of the public sector led to shortfall in the provision of basic amenities such as electricity. Private industries are forced to provide own electricity with generators. In Nigeria, own generators accounted for three-quarters of the capital equipment of small manufacturers (Lee and Anas, 1991 in Collier and Gunning, 1999). Conversely, pubic sector intervention in the East Asian intervention which was purely market oriented aimed at proper allocation and productivity growth. Allocation to human capital was high in East Asia when compared with that of Africa. In Uganda, only 30% of the non-wage allocation to primary school education finally got to it due to mismanagement of funds (Ablo and Reinikka, 1998 in Collier and Gunning, 1999) In analysing the rapid growth of the East Asian countries , it is evidently clear that their successes lies on their export-push strategies characterized by a viable combination of fundamentals and policy interventions. Notably, in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand emphasis was placed on creating free trade environment for exporters, providing finance and support services for small and medium-size exporters, and focusing infrastructure on areas that encourage exports. These were done while ensuring macroeconomic stability. Manufactured exports have provided most of this growth. From 1965 to 1990, Japan for instance emerged as the worlds biggest exporter of manufactured goods, increasing its share of the world market from nearly 8 to almost 12 percent(World Bank 1993). However in Africa, government marketing monopolies were focused on ensuring food supply to urban areas and this discouraged farmers from specializing in non-food export crops, since they could not rely on being able to buy food locally. Woods and Mayer (1998) noted that Africa failed to industrialize mainly ecause of its high natural resource endowment which gives it comparative advantage in that area. The over-dependence in Natural resources has landed Africa in a low-productivity gap. This is because firms are oriented in small domestic markets, they are not able to exploit economies of scale, nor are they exposed to significant competition. Moreover with many countries concentrati ng on a limited range of export crops [tea, coffee, cotton, cocoa] in Africa, returns to supply expansion have been dampened by adverse world market price trends for these crops. Thus price distortions was not a major issue in East Asia due to their export diversification with manufactured goods contribution most to growth EXTERNAL FACTORS The fact that Africa is better located than Asia for most developed economy markets raises further questions on Africa’s low export potentials in the examined period. However, a greater population of Africans reside further from the coast or navigable rivers than in other regions. This increase transport costs for exports. In terms of financial flows, Africa has attracted much more aid per capita than any other region. Till date, the debate on whether aid has been detrimental or beneficial for the growth process is still on. A follow up of the early critics who claim that aid reduces the incentive for good governance led to the World Bank and IMF implementation of good policy as a condition for the receipt of aid since the 1980s. Collier and Gunning (1999) argue that where policies are good, aid tends to raise growth rate and vice versa. The latter case results due to diminishing returns rapidly set in and hinders aid’s contribution to growth. Until recently, many African policy environments were not good enough for aid to raise growth substantially. This suggests that aid receipt may not have necessarily contributed significantly to Africa’s slow growth rate. Rather, Africa might have failed to use efficiently, the opportunity for enhance growth which aid offers (Burnside C, and Dollar, D (1999). External Policy On external policy issues, African governments adopted exchange rate and trade policies which were anti-export and accumulated large foreign debts. Exchange rates were commonly highly overvalued, reflecting the interest of he political elite in cheap imports. Nigeria for instance, was said to be a dumping ground for cheap and used items from Europe. While this might have been an attempt by the government to provide for the masses, its adverse effect on growth was obviously neglected. Moreover, tariffs and export taxes were higher in Africa than in other regions of the world, partly because of the lack of ot her sources of tax revenue to finance the expansion of the public sector (Collier and Gunning 1999). This continued to happen in the midst of current account deficit. On the other hand, East Asian nations like Japan imposed general import restrictions to redress balance of payments deficits. Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan, China, had no cause to impose such restrictions, since their current account balances never faced serious long-term deficits. . Conclusion Without high domestic savings, broad-based human capital, good macro-economic management, and limited price distortions, there would be no basis for growth and no means by which the gains of rapid productivity change could have been realized (World Bank, 1993). The significance of ascertaining why East Asia grew faster than Africa lies on determining the lessons that could be leant from the Miracle of the East Asian Nations. This relates particularly to developing countries which are still aspiring to grow and develop out of poverty. We note that most of these nations are in Africa. We have noted some of the reasons why Africa grew slowly in the last few decades but we must bear in mind that the recent growth trends of some African nations such as Botswana, South-Africa etc has made it difficult to analyse growth using Africa as a category. While Africa’s problems might be partly domestic and partly external, it is believed that domestic policies largely unrelated to trade may now be the main obstacles to growth in much of Africa. Estimates suggest that the shortfall in African investment is due to low private investment; thus the need for more privatisation in Africa. However, the role of the public sector towards growth and development should not be neglected especially in providing incentives and conducive polices that enhance productivity.

Free Essays on My Favourite Pair Of Shoes

When most of the people want to buy shoes they usually enter a shop, find a pair they like and, if the price is acceptable for them, buy it. But there is also another group for whom buying shoes is worse than a visit to hell. Unfortunately, I belong to the second one. For me it is almost impossible to find the pair I would visually like and that, at the same time, would be comfortable. I would usually wander through the shops for days and find nothing that would satisfy me. Very often I would loose hope and buy anything that at least seems fitting and then solemnly regret it. I thought it would be the same with this pair but I could not have been more wrong. When I first saw them on a shelf I did not pay much attention to them. There was nothing eye catching in them, just a plain pair of black sandals. At first I did not want even to try them on. Eventually, having checked all the pairs in the shop, I asked the shop assistant to show them to me. I was really surprised when I took the shoe into my hand. The pair that looked terribly heavy on the shelf was in fact very light. My surprise was even greater when I put these shoes on. Naturally, after all my bad experience with footwear, I expected all the worse. I was extremely astonished when I discovered that the two leather belts crossing each other at the instep, which I suspected of being tight and pressing the foot, were very comfortable. When I walked around, although their construction seemed very fragile as it consisted only of three stripes, two at the instep and one around the ankle, they kept firmly at foot. Their red lining looked very extravagant but it perfectly underlined th eir sports character. To be honest, thanks to their simple but elegant flat heeled design they looked as good with shorts or jeans as with nice summer dress. When I decided to buy them I still was not sure whether I was right, though there was nothing I could hang my doubt upon. Fortunately, all my ... Free Essays on My Favourite Pair Of Shoes Free Essays on My Favourite Pair Of Shoes When most of the people want to buy shoes they usually enter a shop, find a pair they like and, if the price is acceptable for them, buy it. But there is also another group for whom buying shoes is worse than a visit to hell. Unfortunately, I belong to the second one. For me it is almost impossible to find the pair I would visually like and that, at the same time, would be comfortable. I would usually wander through the shops for days and find nothing that would satisfy me. Very often I would loose hope and buy anything that at least seems fitting and then solemnly regret it. I thought it would be the same with this pair but I could not have been more wrong. When I first saw them on a shelf I did not pay much attention to them. There was nothing eye catching in them, just a plain pair of black sandals. At first I did not want even to try them on. Eventually, having checked all the pairs in the shop, I asked the shop assistant to show them to me. I was really surprised when I took the shoe into my hand. The pair that looked terribly heavy on the shelf was in fact very light. My surprise was even greater when I put these shoes on. Naturally, after all my bad experience with footwear, I expected all the worse. I was extremely astonished when I discovered that the two leather belts crossing each other at the instep, which I suspected of being tight and pressing the foot, were very comfortable. When I walked around, although their construction seemed very fragile as it consisted only of three stripes, two at the instep and one around the ankle, they kept firmly at foot. Their red lining looked very extravagant but it perfectly underlined th eir sports character. To be honest, thanks to their simple but elegant flat heeled design they looked as good with shorts or jeans as with nice summer dress. When I decided to buy them I still was not sure whether I was right, though there was nothing I could hang my doubt upon. Fortunately, all my ...

Alkoxide Definition in Chemistry

Alkoxide Definition in Chemistry An alkoxide is an organic functional group formed when a hydrogen atom is removed from an hydroxyl group of an alcohol when reacted with a metal. It is the conjugate base of an alcohol. Alkoxides have the formula RO- where R is the organic substituent from the alcohol. Alkoxides are strong bases and good ligands (when R is relatively small). Generally, alkoxides are unstable in protic solvents, but they do occur as reaction intermediates. Transition metal alkoxides are used as catalysts and to prepare coatings. Key Takeaways: Alkoxide An alkoxide is the conjugate base of an acid.In a chemical reaction, an alkoxide is written as RO-, where R is the organic group.An alkoxide is a type of strong base. Example Sodium reacting with methanol (CH3OH) reacts to form the alkoxide sodium methoxide (CH3NaO). Preparation There are several reactions with alcohol that produce alkoxides. They may be made by reacting an alcohol with a reducing metal (e.g., any of the alkali metals), by reaction with an electrophilic chloride (e.g., titanium tetrachloride), using electrochemistry, or via a metathesis reaction between a sodium alkoxide and a metal chloride. Alkoxide Key Takeaways An alkoxide is the conjugate base of an acid.In a chemical reaction, an alkoxide is written as RO-, where R is the organic group.An alkoxide is a type of strong base. Sources Boyd, Robert Neilson; Morrison, Robert Thornton (1992). Organic Chemistry (6th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall. pp. 241–242. ISBN 9780136436690.Bradley, Don C.; Mehrotra, Ram C.; Rothwell, Ian P.; Singh, A. (2001). Alkoxo and Aryloxo Derivatives of Metals. San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-08-048832-5.Turova, Nataliya Y.; Turevskaya, Evgeniya P.; Kessler, Vadim G.; Yanovskaya, Maria I. (2002). The Chemistry of Metal Alkoxides. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 9780792375210.Williamson, Alexander (1850). Theory of Ætherification. Phil. Mag. 37 (251): 350–356. doi:10.1080/14786445008646627

Mentoring Programme Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mentoring Programme - Assignment Example The mentor believed that this element of experiential learning would assist the mentee in understanding how to communicate and respond during the important interview process. It was also believed, initially, that role playing would increase the willingness to engage and communicate with the mentor successfully. The mentoring program was also structured to include elements of transformational leadership, whereby the mentor leader utilises inspirational attitudes, role models desired behaviours, and impart a specific vision or mission to give the mentee a specific focus and goal (Fairholm 2009). The goal was to improve the mentee’s interest in strategic thinking to achieve long-term gains, however literature on leadership suggests that in order to motivate and encourage, change must be negotiated between two different parties (Grieves 2010). This is why there was significant emphasis on utilising contemporary leadership theory to better enthuse the mentee and make them intrinsic ally focused on achieving the mentoring program objectives. Increasing communications skills of the mentee was very successful and it is attributed to utilising the role playing exercises. The first method of improving communications was to remove noise that complicated receipt of positive feedback for the mentor. Noise is any specific factor that prevents a message from getting through to the receiver (Mullins 2010). During the first and second mentoring sessions, the mentor discovered that the mentee was quite reserved and her uneasy and anxious emotional state was preventing the message from being received properly, thereby serving as negative noise. By engaging the mentee through role playing, it seemed to establish a sense of trust that reduced anxiety and allowed the mentee to provide feedback illustrating that the concepts being taught and discussed were understood and could be applied practically to real-world business scenarios. The mentor realised, also, that the mentee ma intained many unrealistic perceptual filters that were serving to complicate the communications process. The mentee maintained many assumptions and expectations about the commercial environment, noticeable in the first three sessions. The mentee believed that job qualifications were not as important a how the job seeker presented themselves and communicated in order to find a job position. There seemed to be a culturally-developed set of beliefs, though not realistic, that the mentee could find employment without the necessary and listed credentials on job descriptions simply by creating an outstanding cover letter along with the CV submission. These perceptual filters were serving as noise and created moderate resistance to change when the mentor attempted to reinforce the absolute importance of having the proper credentials to achieve landing a position with a desired company. To overcome this element of noise, the mentor found many different research articles showing that it was absolutely critical to gain employability and educational skills to

Current issues in advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Current issues in advertising - Essay Example Duke grew to become the leading cigarette brand by 1890 . WoodburyÃ'• Facial Ð…oap, a womanÃ'• beauty bar, waÃ'• almoÃ'•t diÃ'•continued in 1910. The Ã'•oapÃ'• Ã'•aleÃ'• decline waÃ'• reverÃ'•ed, however, with adÃ'• containing imageÃ'• of romantic coupleÃ'• and promiÃ'•eÃ'• of love and intimacy for thoÃ'•e uÃ'•ing the brand. Jovan MuÃ'•k Oil, introduced in 1971, waÃ'• promoted with Ã'•exual entendre and deÃ'•criptionÃ'• of the fragranceÃ'• Ã'•exual attraction propertieÃ'•. AÃ'• a reÃ'•ult, Jovan, Inc.Ã'• revenue grew from $1.5 million in 1971 to $77 million by 1978 (Del, 66-111) In contemporary mainÃ'•tream conÃ'•umer advertiÃ'•ing (e.g., magazineÃ'•, network and cable televiÃ'•ion), Ã'•ex iÃ'• preÃ'•ent in promotional meÃ'•Ã'•ageÃ'• for a wide range of branded goodÃ'•. AdÃ'• feature provocative imageÃ'• of well-defined women (and men) in revealing outfitÃ'• and poÃ'•tureÃ'• Ã'•elling clothing, alcohol, beauty productÃ'•, and fragranceÃ'•. AdvertiÃ'•erÃ'• Ã'•uch aÃ'• Calvin Klein, VictoriaÃ'• Ð…ecret, and PepÃ'•i uÃ'•e theÃ'•e imageÃ'• to cultivate a ubiquitouÃ'• Ã'•ex-tinged media preÃ'•ence. AlÃ'•o, Ã'•exual information iÃ'• uÃ'•ed to promote mainÃ'•tream productÃ'• not traditionally aÃ'•Ã'•ociated with Ã'•ex. For example, the DallaÃ'• Opera recently reverÃ'•ed declining Ã'•eaÃ'•on ticket Ã'•aleÃ'• by marketing the more laÃ'•civiouÃ'• partÃ'• of itÃ'• performanceÃ'•. AÃ'• a reÃ'•ult of itÃ'• Ã'•exual promotion Ã'•trategy, Ã'•eaÃ'•on tic ket packageÃ'• Ã'•old out faÃ'•ter than ever before . (Del, 66-111) Ð…ince the 1960Ã'•, reÃ'•earcherÃ'• uÃ'•ing Ã'•ocial Ã'•cience methodÃ'• have attempted to underÃ'•tand the role of Ã'•ex in advertiÃ'•ing for Ã'•elling brandÃ'•. Ð…pecifically, they have attempted to underÃ'•tand exactly how Ã'•exual content influenceÃ'• the advertiÃ'•ing communication proceÃ'•Ã'•. In thiÃ'• article, I organize thiÃ'• body of reÃ'•earch by firÃ'•t defining and deÃ'•cribing common typeÃ'• of Ã'•exual content examined by inveÃ'•tigatorÃ'•, and then by reviewing major approacheÃ'• in pertinent effectÃ'• reÃ'•earch. Finally, I Ã'•et

Great Depression Paper 3 Study Questions Essay Example for Free

Great Depression Paper 3 Study Questions Essay 1. The effect of the Great Depression on the society of any country in the Americas. The Great Depression brought a rapid rise in the CRIME RATE as many unemployed workers resorted to petty theft to put food on the table. Suicide rates rose, as did reported cases of malnutrition. Prostitution was on the rise as desperate women sought ways to pay the bills. Health care in general was not a priority for many Americans, as visiting the doctor was reserved for only the direst of circumstances. Alcoholism increased with Americans seeking outlets for escape, compounded by the repeal of prohibition in 1933. Cigar smoking became too expensive, so many Americans switched to cheaper cigarettes. Higher education remained out of reach for most Americans as the nations universities saw their student bodies shrink during the first half of the decade. High school attendance increased among males, however. Because the prospects of a young male getting a job were so incredibly dim, many decided to stay in school longer. However, public spending on education declined sharply, causing many schools to open understaffed or close due to lack of funds. Demographic trends also changed sharply. Marriages were delayed as many males waited until they could provide for a family before proposing to a prospective spouse. Divorce rates dropped steadily in the 1930s. Rates of abandonment increased as many husbands chose the poor mans divorce option — they just ran away from their marriages. Birth rates fell sharply, especially during the lowest points of the Depression. More and more Americans learned about birth control to avoid the added expenses of unexpected children. Mass migrations continued throughout the 1930s. Rural New England and upstate New York lost many citizens seeking opportunity elsewhere. TheGREAT PLAINS lost population to states such as California and Arizona. The Dust Bowl sent thousands of OKIES and ARKIES looking to make a better life. Many of the MIGRANTS were adolescents seeking opportunity away from a family that had younger mouths to feed. Over 600,000 people were caught hitching rides on trains during the Great Depression. Many times offenders went unpunished. 2. The effect of FDR’s domestic policies in the 1930’s on the power of the presidency, the power of the states attitudes towards government regulation of the economy. 4. The success of one government of the Americas to try solve the problems of the Great Depression. 8. Success of programs of governments of the Americas to deal with the Depression. Franklin Delano Roosevelt entered the White House in 1932 at the darkest hour of the Great Depression, promising a new deal for the American people. The package of legislative reforms that came to be known as the New Deal permanently and dramatically transformed the politics and economy of the United States. Shortly after taking office, Roosevelt explained to the American people that his New Deal program would seek to deliver relief, recovery, and reform—the so-called 3 Rs. In the field of relief, the New Deal proved to be highly successful. Millions of Americans, unable to find work in an economy that was still badly broken four years into the Great Depression, might have literally starved to death if not for the government checks they earned by working for new agencies like the Civilian Conservation Corps and Works Progress Administration. FDR created other policies such as the AAA which paid farmers to destruct crops and reduce production to keep prices from falling, National Industry Recovery Act which established a minimum wage and maximum working hours. In terms of reform, the New Deal legacy may have been unmatched in American history. For better or worse, Roosevelts program drastically altered the relationship between the capitalist market, the people, and their government, creating for the first time in this countrys history an activist state committed to providing individual citizens with a measure of security against the unpredictable turns of the market. Whether this vast enlargement of the governments role in American society helped or hurt the countrys long-run prospects remains a question of great political controversy to this day, but there can be no denying the magnitude of change wrought by FDRs presidency. When it came to recovery, however, the New Deals performance lagged. It was certainly successful in both short-term relief, and in implementing long-term structural reform. However, the New Deal failed to end the Great Depression. Throughout the decade of the 1930s,unemployment remained brutally high, while economic growth remained painfully slow. Recovery only came about, at last, in Roosevelts third term, when the heavy demands of mobilization for World War II finally restored the country to full employment. Ironically, then, Adolf Hitler probably did more to end the Great Depression in America than Franklin Roosevelt did. Still, despite failing in its most important objective, the New Deal forever changed this country. Roosevelt built a dominant new political coalition, creating a Democratic majority that lasted for half a century. The structural stability and social security provided by the New Deals reforms underlay a postwar economic boom that many historians and economists have described as the golden age of American capitalism. And Roosevelt permanently changed the American peoples expectations of their presidents and their government. 3. The achievements limitations of Mackenzie King as Prime Minister of Canada. In the initial six months following the stock market crash, King took little action to address problems like unemployment. When asked where the proceeds of raised taxes would go, King answered â€Å"I would not give them (a Tory government) a five-cent piece.† King took a ‘hands-off’ approach to the situation because he believed the economy would fix itself. He appeared unwilling to address the problems of the depression. He began a policy of freer trade. Within three weeks of taking office he had signed a trade agreement with the United States (1935). This marked the turning away from the ever-increasing tariff barriers between the two countries which had reached their peak with the Hawley-Smoot tariff and the Bennett tariff, both in 1930. A further trade agreement was signed three years later involving Great Britain as well as the United States. Soon after taking office King appointed a National Employment Commission, which was assigned to reorganize the administration of all relief expenditures, and recommend measures which to create employment opportunities. The NEC was ineffective. Most of the relief was administered by provincial and municipal governments and, even though the federal government was providing much of the money, there was little the federal government could do to change the system. The 1938 budget included $25 million in additional expenditure after pressure from the NEC. This was a turning point in Canadian fiscal policy—for the first time a government had consciously decided to spend money to counteract a low in the business cycle. This was the application of Keynesian economics, which saw that governments should deliberately invest into the economy during times of depression in order to counterbalance the deficiency, because private enterprise was not in the position to do so itself. In addition to the expenditures in the budget the government also offered loans to municipal. Nationalities for local improvements and passed a Housing Act to encourage the building of homes. Consistent with this Keynesian approach, the government also reduced some taxes and offered some tax exemptions for private investors. 5. The causes of the Great Depression its effects. Great Depression: Causes Stock Market Crash of 1929: The stock market crash took place on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929. It was one of the major causes that led to the Great Depression. Two months after the original crash, the stockholders had lost more than 40 billion dollars. By the end of 1930s, the stock market started to regain some of its losses. However, it was not sufficient and America was in the state of the Great Depression. This situation was worsened by firming of money rates to the commercial interests. Bank Failures: Throughout the 1930s, a huge bank failure took place and more than 9,000 banks failed. Most bank deposits were uninsured. As a result, a number of people lost their savings due to the bank failures. Because of uncertain economic situation and problems of bank survival, people were not willing to go for new loans. Reduction in Purchasing Across the Board: With the stock market crash and fears of economic woes, people from all classes stopped purchasing any items and avoided expenditures. As a result, production of a number of items was decreased. It ultimately resulted in a reduction in the workforce. As numerous people lost their jobs, they were unable to pay for the items they had bought on installment plans. As a result, their items were repossessed. There was an accumulation of more inventories. About 25% of people were unemployed. American Economic Policy with Europe: As the businesses begin to fail, the government created the Hawley-Smoot Tariff in the year 1930 in order to help protect the American companies. A higher tax was charged for the imports, leading to a reduced trade between the U.S. and the foreign countries. Drought Conditions: The drought that occurred in the Mississippi Valley in 1930 is also regarded as one of the major causes of the Great Depression (though not a direct cause). As a result, several people were not able to pay their taxes due to other debts. Therefore, they had to sell their farms without gaining any profit. They moved to the cities in search of jobs. Many farmers lived on charity, along with their families. Economic Effects: As it was a major economic phenomenon it had serious and widespread economic effects. Trade Collapse. The Depression became a worldwide business downturn of the 1930s that affected almost all countries. International commerce declined quickly. There was a sharp reduction in tax revenues, profits and personal incomes. It affected both countries that exported raw materials and the industrialized countries. It led to a sharp decrease in world trade as each country tried to protect their own industries and products by raising tariffs on imports. World Trade collapsed with trade in 1939 still below the 1929 level. It set the wheels rolling towards the end of international gold standards and consequently the emergence of the fixed exchange rate system. Reduction in Government Spending. Governments all around the world reduced their spending, which led to decreased consumer demand. Construction came to a standstill in many nations. As a consequence of government actions, the real Gross National Product of nations like United States and Britain fell by 30.5%, wholesale prices fell by 30.8%, and consumer prices fell by 24.4%. Employee Distress Wages were scaled down to 20 percent, whereas 25 percent of the workforce was left unemployed. This led to decrease in the standard of living pushing the economy further into the depth of the Depression. Breakdown of the Financial Machinery. Thousands of investors lost large sums of money and several were wiped out, losing everything. Banks, stores, and factories were closed and left millions of people jobless, penniless and homeless. In 1929, 659 public sector banks were shut and by the end of 1931 this number rose to 2294. Many people came to depend on the government or charities to provide them with food. Effect on Agriculture. Due to lack of subsidies and loans, farmers were unable to support mass produce leading to under-capacity output. Textile farming faced the major blow. The period served as a precursor to one of the worst droughts in modern American history that struck the Great Plains in 1934. Although a few segments under agriculture e.g. cotton benefited from the crisis, in general the whole agricultural sector experienced a setback. Political Effects. The Depression had profound political effects. In countries such as Germany and Japan, reaction to the Depression brought about the rise to power of militarist governments who adopted the aggressive foreign policies that led to the Second World War. In Germany, weak economic conditions led to the rise to power of Adolf Hitler. Germany suffered greatly because of the huge debt the country was burdened by following World War I. The Japanese invaded China and developed mines and industries in Manchuria. Japan thought that this economic growth would relieve the Depression. In countries such as the United States and Britain, the government intervened which ultimately resulted in the creation of welfare systems. Franklin D. Roosevelt became the United States President in 1933. He promised a New Deal under which the government would intervene to reduce unemployment by work-creation schemes such as painting of the post offices and street cleaning. Both agriculture and industry were supported by policies to limit output and increase prices. 6. Factors of world trade finance that caused the Great Depression in the Americas. In the 1920s more people invested in the stock market than ever before. Stock prices rose so fast that at the end of the decade, some people became rich overnight by buying and selling stocks. People could buy stocks on margin which was like installment buying. People could buy stocks for only a 10% down payment! The buyer would hold the stock until the price rose and then sell it for a profit. As long as the stock prices kept going up, the system worked. However, during 1928 and 1929, the prices of many stocks went up faster than the value of the companies the stocks represented. Some experts warned that the bull market would end. Buying on credit was a huge problem in the 1920s. Since the 20s was a period of great economic boom, not many people took the future into consideration. Many people bought refrigerators, cars, etc. with money that they did not have. This system was called installment buying. With this system, people could make a monthly, weekly, or yearly payment on an item that they wanted or needed. This happened until Black Tuesday, when the stock market crashed. The two systems, installment buying and buying on credit, left millions of people in debt. When many lost their jobs, they could not pay back the debts they had incurred. Supply and demand helped bring about and also lengthen the Great Depression. The American farms and factories produced large amounts of goods and products during the prosperity before the Depression. On average peoples wages stayed the same even as prices for these goods soared. People who lived on farms had even less than urban dwellers. Because people had no money, they stopped buying these products, but factories and farms still continued to produce at the same rate. As the farmers and industry leaders realized fewer people were buying, they cut back production. To do this, they had to lay off more and more workers. These unemployed workers didnt have money to buy anything, so the factories continued to lay off people. This trend continued in a downward spiral until twenty-five per cent of the population was unemployed. In the summer of 1929, a few stock market investors began selling their stock. They predicted that the bull market might end soon, leaving them in debt. Seeing these few investors begin to sell, others soon followed creating a domino effect. The sudden selling caused stock prices to fall. President Herbert Hoover tried to reassure the investors saying the countrys economy was fine and that they had no reason to worry. The words of the President were not enough, however; the selling continued. Many investors in the stock market had bought large amounts of stock on margin. Nervous brokers asked investors to pay their debts, and when they couldnt repay they were forced to sell, causing stock prices to fall even more. On Tuesday, October 29, 1929, stock prices plummeted because there were no buyers for the stock offered by desperate sellers. Millions of dollars were lost that day due to the decrease in stock prices. Black Tuesday, as it was soon called, led directly to the Great Depression in the 1930s. 7. The relationship of business government changed by the Great Depression in the Americas. In the early years of American history, most political leaders were reluctant to involve the federal government too heavily in the private sector, except in the area of transportation. In general, they accepted the concept of laissez-faire, a doctrine opposing government interference in the economy except to maintain law and order. This attitude started to change during the latter part of the 19th century, when small business, farm, and labor movements began asking the government to intercede on their behalf. By the turn of the century, a middle class had developed that was leery of both the business elite and the somewhat radical political movements of farmers and laborers in the Midwest and West. Known as Progressives, these people favored government regulation of business practices to ensure competition and free enterprise. They also fought corruption in the public sector. Congress enacted a law regulating railroads in 1887 (the Interstate Commerce Act), and one preventing large firms from controlling a single industry in 1890 (the Sherman Antitrust Act). These laws were not rigorously enforced, however, until the years between 1900 and 1920, when Republican President Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909), Democratic President Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921), and others sympathetic to the views of the Progressives came to power. Many of todays U.S. regulatory agencies were created during these years, including the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Food and Drug Administration, and the Federal Trade Commission. Government involvement in the economy increased most significantly during the New Deal of the 1930s. The 1929 stock market crash had initiated the most serious economic dislocation in the nations history, the Great Depression (1929-1940). President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945) launched the New Deal to alleviate the emergency. Many of the most important laws and institutions that define Americans modern economy can be traced to the New Deal era. New Deal legislation extended federal authority in banking, agriculture, and public welfare. It established minimum standards for wages and hours on the job, and it served as a catalyst for the expansion of labor unions in such industries as steel, automobiles, and rubber. Programs and agencies that today seem indispensable to the operation of the countrys modern economy were created: the Securities and Exchange Commission, which regulates the stock market; the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which guarantees bank deposits; and, perhaps most notably, the Social Security system, which provides pensions to the elderly based on contr ibutions they made when they were part of the work force. New Deal leaders flirted with the idea of building closer ties between business and government, but some of these efforts did not survive past World War II. The National Industrial Recovery Act, a short-lived New Deal program, sought to encourage business leaders and workers, with government supervision, to resolve conflicts and thereby increase productivity and efficiency. While America never took the turn to fascism that similar business-labor-government arrangements did in Germany and Italy, the New Deal initiatives did point to a new sharing of power among these three key economic players. This confluence of power grew even more during the war, as the U.S. government intervened extensively in the economy. The War Production Board coordinated the nations productive capabilities so that military priorities would be met. Converted consumer-products plants filled many military orders. Automakers built tanks and aircraft, for example, making the United States the arsenal of democracy. In an effort to prevent rising national income and scarce consumer products to cause inflation, the newly created Office of Price Administration controlled rents on some dwellings, rationed consumer items ranging from sugar to gasoline, and otherwise tried to restrain price increases. 9. The political economic changes in the Americas caused by the Depression. The Great Depression was a period in History when business was weak and many people were out of work. The Great Depression began on 29th October 1929, when the stock market in the United States crashed. It quickly turned into a worldwide economic slump owing to the special and close relationships that had been developed between the United States and European economies after World War I. It was the industrialized western worlds longest and most severe depression ever experienced. It ended with the arrival of the War Economy of World War II which began in 1939. Economic Effects: As it was a major economic phenomenon it had serious and widespread economic effects. Trade Collapse. The Depression became a worldwide business downturn of the 1930s that affected almost all countries. International commerce declined quickly. There was a sharp reduction in tax revenues, profits and personal incomes. It affected both countries that exported raw materials and the industrialized countries. It led to a sharp decrease in world trade as each country tried to protect their own industries and products by raising tariffs on imports. World Trade collapsed with trade in 1939 still below the 1929 level. It set the wheels rolling towards the end of international gold standards and consequently the emergence of the fixed exchange rate system. Reduction in Government Spending. Governments all around the world reduced their spending, which led to decreased consumer demand. Construction came to a standstill in many nations. As a consequence of government actions, the real Gross National Product of nations like United States and Britain fell by 30.5%, wholesale prices fell by 30.8%, and consumer prices fell by 24.4%. Employee Distress Wages were scaled down to 20 percent, whereas 25 percent of the workforce was left unemployed. This led to decrease in the standard of living pushing the economy further into the depth of the Depression. Breakdown of the Financial Machinery. Thousands of investors lost large sums of money and several were wiped out, losing everything. Banks, stores, and factories were closed and left millions of people jobless, penniless and homeless. In 1929, 659 public sector banks were shut and by the end of 1931 this number rose to 2294. Many people came to depend on the government or charities to provide them with food. Effect on Agriculture. Due to lack of subsidies and loans, farmers were unable to support mass produce leading to under-capacity output. Textile farming faced the major blow. The period served as a precursor to one of the worst droughts in modern American history that struck the Great Plains in 1934. Although a few segments under agriculture e.g. cotton benefited from the crisis, in general the whole agricultural sector experienced a setback. Political Effects. The Depression had profound political effects. In countries such as Germany and Japan, reaction to the Depression brought about the rise to power of militarist governments who adopted the aggressive foreign policies that led to the Second World War. In Germany, weak economic conditions led to the rise to power of Adolf Hitler. Germany suffered greatly because of the huge debt the country was burdened by following World War I. The Japanese invaded China and developed mines and industries in Manchuria. Japan thought that this economic growth would relieve the Depression. In countries such as the United States and Britain, the government intervened which ultimately resulted in the creation of welfare systems. Franklin D. Roosevelt became the United States President in 1933. He promised a New Deal under which the government would intervene to reduce unemployment by work-creation schemes such as painting of the post offices and street cleaning. Both agriculture and industry were supported by policies to limit output and increase prices.

Comparing and Contrasting the Monsters of Beowulf with Today´s Criminal

In any classic story about heroes and villains, the monsters involved are often characterized as the evil ones and, consequently, receive no justice under the law. Throughout the epic story Beowulf, the hero of the story encounters three monsters that are threats to society: Grendel, Grendel’s mother, and the dragon. The monsters in Beowulf are quickly targeted and destroyed because of the harm they cause to society. However, upon further examination of the monsters and the motives for their actions, the reader can view the monsters not as the cutthroat villains they may initially appear to be, but perhaps as victims of society. In today’s society, murderers and robbers are also portrayed as â€Å"monsters† because of the atrocious crimes they commit. While it is undeniably wrong to commit any kind of crime and I do not wish to condone murder or theft in any way, there may also be an ulterior explanation for why these modern â€Å"monsters† cause harm to society. In comparing and contrasting the monsters of Germanic epic with criminals of today, perhaps we can gain some insight into the motivation of both. One reason for which monsters are held in contempt in the epics is the authochthonous Germanic culture of the Middle Ages. This broad society respected those with wealth, status, and honor, while those without any of these are shunned. For example, when Beowulf introduces himself to Hrothgar, that king immediately recognizes the visitor: â€Å"[h]is father before him was called Ecgtheow† (Beowulf ln. 373). For Hrothgar to acknowledge Beowulf by his lineage shows Beowulf’s societal prominence: he was born of distinguished quality. Beowulf also proves the quality of his ilk to King Hrothgar through his bravery in fighting Grendel and... ...ities to come together, and causes people to re-evaluate their relationships with one another, all toward ensuring that, on the whole, peace continues into the future. Works Cited Beowulf. Translated by Seamus Heaney. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2002. Chapter IV Mental Health History of Seung Hui Cho. Tech Panel Report. Web. . The Holy Bible, New International Version. Michigan: Zondervan, 2006. MacAskill, Ewen. "Families Rebuke NBC for Broadcast of Killer's Rant." Guardian.co.uk. 20 Apr. 2007. Web. 26 Apr. 2010. . "Victim Characteristics." Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). Web. 25 April 2010. .

Morning After Pill

Morning after-pill (MAP) or plan B is an emergency pill that stops a woman from becoming pregnant if contraception failed or wasn’t used. The morning after pill works best if taken within 24 hours of unprotected sex. Medics argue that plan B’s efficacy is up 70% and its effectiveness up to 72 hours there after its efficacy is not known. (http://www.netdoctor.co.k/whoisd.html). It is noteworthy that the earlier it’s taken the better. Examples of medicine currently used include levonelle one step in UK and postinor2 in most Africa states. The pills contain a female-type hormone such as levorgestrel. Other names used to refer to MAP include post-coital pill (PCP) and emergency contraceptive (EC)-emergency because it is not used under normal circumstances and has stricter conditions under which they can be used for instance, the postinor2 mostly used in Africa states can only be used once within every menstrual cycle. Remember MAP cannot work if one is already pregnant and therefore it is not an abortion-causing drug. MAP works in two possible ways; preventing ovaries from releasing egg or altering the lining of the womb so a fertilized egg wont be implanted. I want to argue that MAP must be made readily available to interested consumers. Let us first consider the categories of people who use it and their circumstances. 1) Rape victims A lady may be raped during her fertile days such unplanned and unprotected sex may result in unwanted pregnancy. An instance such as this justifies the use of MAP. MAP would help prevent pregnancy, which may alleviate the possibility of abortion (as the one raped may opt for it), and the humiliation a child who is as a result of rape may face from parent(s). 2) Women who have been lured into sex while under the influence of emotional whims or drugs. Women under such influence of drug and alcohol may find themselves having unprotected sex. Men may want to take advantage of them. Once such women regain sobriety, MAP may be handy in preventing anxiety and pregnancy. Everyone will agree that at some point in their life, at least every woman, because of circumstances such as the ones we have, may lose their sobriety. Isn’t it kind of medics for providing such women an alternative and possibility for preventing unwanted pregnancy? 3) Lovers or a couple may suffer condom burst/breakage. If this happens, without MAP there would be no other easy way of preventing pregnancy. The fact that such people were using a condom implies that they never wanted conception to occur. Isn’t MAP a relief to most couples? I will reiterate that MAP does not induce abortion and therefore Christians opposed to abortion and other pro-life activists have no reason to be indifferent. As a matter of fact, they should advocate for it as it has come in to reduce cases of abortion emanating from rape, condom burst and unplanned sexual intercourse. When these happen, MAP provides the consolation that, ‘its not too late, there is plan B’. With advancement in the medical field unlike the older MAP, today’s pills cause very little side-effects. Statistics show that one woman in every 60 actually vomits. Other mild side effects include tummy ache, breast tenderness, dizziness and vaginal spotting of blood. These side effects are less severe as compared with the risks of not using MAP. Critics of MAP feel there is no need for one to subject themselves to such side effects but the risks in not using it may be too heavy to bear. MAP can be used by a greater percentage of women apart from for instance those with porphyria and severe liver problems. Having explored MAP, we should be right to state that access to it must be made easy. Local pharmacists should be allowed to stock it and allow clients to buy it without necessarily needing a doctor’s prescription. (American Medical Association, 2006; Ellertson, Trussell, Stewart &Winikoff, 1998).  Ã‚   After all, the side effects are not problematic are again most ladies are knowledgeable of how to use it and for what purposes. Although others feel this may prompt its abuse but we can argue that Pharmacists can chat with client quickly about it to know whether they understand its appropriate use and the side effects. It’s encouraging to learn that in America, an over-the-counter sale of the ‘morning after’ contraceptive pill to those over 18 has been approved. Abortion rights advocates hailed this although many bemoaned the age restrict.   â€Å"We are pleased that a common sense common-ground agenda for reducing unintended pregnancy and the need for abortion finally won out.† Said Kinsten Moore, President of the reproductive health technology project, Washington. (www.nytimes.com/2006/08/24/health/24cnd-pill.htm) Anti-abortion groups feel plan B is an abortion pill whose widespread availability would lead to increased STD. Other abortion rights pushed for over-the-counter availability of plan B arguing that its availability would sharply reduce the newly 1 million abortions performed annually in USA but this may not be true as studies suggest that in the USA, couples have so much unprotected sex. â€Å"EC don’t work if are kept in the draw† and studies show that even if women have pills on hand, the drawer is where they remain.† Says Dr James Trussell, Princeton University. But Dr Raines says, â€Å"Unintended pregnancy rates have been dropping over the last decade. Plan B will contribute to further decline. (www.nytimes.com/2006/08/24/health/24cnd-pill.htm) The term morning –after pill is inmost cases misleading in its effectiveness. It’s Not 100% and only works up to 70%. Therefore some women have unprotected sex hoping to use MAP but unfortunately they end up becoming pregnant and this may lead to abortion or disorient one’s family plan.   Some women are opposed to it because it doesn’t protect them from pregnancy for the rest of their menstrual cycle. It therefore compels them to abstain from sex or use a barrier method like a condom. Again, it is believed that MAP is not good at protecting ectopic pregnancy (EP) (Stewart and Van Look, 1998 P142). Incase it causes EP, then the repercussions quite expensive and ladies who know what having an ectopic pregnancy tend to oppose MAP. However, as per now EP caused by MAP would be just like any other accident and so far medical researchers haven’t linked MAP directly to EP unless research proves it. We should not jump into conclusion. Again no research has shown any increase in abnormities among babies whose mothers took MAP. Some people argue against MAP on the basing that past experience does show that other hormones taken in early pregnancy have harmed children. But instead of using assumptions, focused studies should be done to establish the connection between MAP and babies’ abnormalities and EP. Otherwise, we will not have a firm ground to stand and argue that simply because other hormones have caused abnormalities, MAP too causes it. It may be an exception The intra-uterine device (IUDS)/the coil is an alternative for MAP. Unfortunately only few medical specialists are trained in fitting them efficiently. Again the intra-uterine device may make one anemic because of the volume and length of menstrual flow. Insertion is difficult and painful for women and has more restrictions, which include heart value problems, previous EP and pelvic infection. (Bucar, 1999). This makes MAP to remain the most appropriate and least expensive. So opposing its use and making it difficult to access only makes it strenuous for women. I believe every one should be in control of their life. A medicine such as MAP gives women more means to control and plan for their lives. Arguing against MAP is like arguing that family planning should be done away with to allow chance and nature to rein it an arena that it otherwise shouldn’t. In conclusion, the current price range of $25-$40 should be lowered and possibly subsidized by the federal governments. Arrangements should be made and possibilities explored on providing emergency contraception for free like its done in some parts of the UK. Youth advisory clinics, family planning clinics, college health centers, STD clinics and walk-in clinics must seek to stock and make readily available MAP at a lowest cost possible. Work cited 1. American Medical Association, Council on Medical Service. Access to Emergency Contraception [H-75.985] Chicago, IL: AMA, 2006; 2. Bucar, L. Caution: Catholic Health Restrictions May Be Hazardous to Your Health . Washington, DC: Catholics for a Free Choice, 1999. 3. Devin, D. Contraceptive coils (IUDS) http://www.netdoctor.co.k/whoisd.html Accessed online on 24 November 2007 1:50:42 GMT. 4. Ellertson, C., Trussell, J., Stewart F.H, Winikoff, B. Should emergency contraceptive pills be available without a prescription? Journal of the America Medical Women’s Association. 1998; 53 (5, Supplement 2): 226-229. 5. Gardiner Harris, 24thAug 2006.In New York Times. http://www.nytims.com/2006/08/24/heath/24end-pill.html. Accessed online on 23rd, Nov. 2007 6. Stewart F, Van Look P.F.A. Emergency contraception: Contraceptive Technology .17th revised edition. New York: Irvington, 1998.

C++ Programming Essay

In 1970 C programing was created by Dennis Richie and ken Thompson was made to create portability in UNIX Pascal was invented in 1970 by niklaus wirth a small but very precise language meant to promote good programming practices. Smalltalk created by Alan Kay Dan Ingalls Adele Goldberg ted kaehler scoot Wallace in the 1980s was created to be mainly educational use, Prolog was invented in 1972 by roussel Kowalski and colmerauer was the first logic programming language. Was meant for general programming branching with AI and computer linguistics ML was invented by robin Milner in 1973 pioneered statically typed functional programming languages, 1980 C++ was invented at bell laboratories the cool thing about c++ is it has low lever and high level machine languages. 1990 java was developed by James gosling it turned out to be one of the more popular programming languages. Visual basic was invented in 1990s it creates all windows based applications.Pt1420 – Unit 1 Assignment 1 UNIT 1 – BOOK REVIEW QUESTIONS (PAGE 26, SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS #1–6) 1. Why is the CPU the most important component in a computer? a. Without the CPU, the computer could not run software. The CPU is the part of the computer that actually runs the programs. (pg. 3) 2. What number does a bit that is turned on represent? What number does a bit that is turned off represent? b. 1 represents a bit that is turned ON. 0 represents a bit that is turned OFF. (pg. 8) 3. What would you call a device that works with binary data? c. A device that works with binary data is called a DIGITAL device. (pg. 11) 4. What are the words that make up a high-level programming language called? d. The words that make up a high-level programming language are known as KEY WORDS or RESERVED WORDS. (pg. 17) 5. What are the short words that are used in assembly language called? e. The short words that used in assembly language are called MNEMONICS. (pg. 14) 6. What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter? f. A COMPILER is a program that translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program. An INTERPRETER is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program. (pg. 17-18) 7. What type of software controls the internal operations of the computer’s hardware? g. An operating system controls the internal operations of the computer’s hardware. (pg. 20)

Definition and Discussion of the Minutes of a Meeting

Definition and Discussion of the Minutes of a Meeting In business writing, minutes are the official written record of a meeting. Minutes serve as a permanent record of  the topics considered, conclusions reached, actions taken, and assignments given.   Minutes may be kept by any individual in attendance at a meeting and are usually distributed to all members of the unit represented at the meeting.Minutes are generally written in the simple past tense. The Main Parts of Meeting Minutes Many organizations use a standard template or a special format for keeping minutes, and the order of the parts may vary. HeadingThe name of the committee (or other unit) and the date, location, and starting time of the meeting.ParticipantsThe name of the person conducting the meeting along with the names of all those who attended the meeting (including guests) and those who were excused from attending.Approval of previous minutesA note on whether the minutes of the previous meeting were approved and whether any corrections were made.Action items (including unfinished business from the previous meeting)A report on each topic discussed at the meeting. (For each item, note the subject of the discussion, the name of the person who led the discussion, and any decisions that may have been reached.)AnnouncementsA report on any announcements made by participants, including proposed agenda items for the next meeting.Next MeetingA note on where and when the next meeting will be held.AdjournmentA note on the time the meeting ended.Signature lineThe name of the person who prepared the minutes and the date they wer e submitted. Observations A good set of minutes  can give the group a sense of progress; incoherent jottings (which may more closely resemble verbatim transcripts) leave everyone bewildered.(David R. Buchanan, An Ethic for Health Promotion: Rethinking the Sources of Human Well-Being. Oxford University Press,  2000)In writing minutes, be clear, comprehensive, objective, and diplomatic. Do not interpret what happened; simply report it. Because meetings rarely follow the agenda perfectly, you might find it challenging to provide an accurate record of the meeting. If necessary, interrupt the discussion to request clarification.Do not record emotional exchanges between participants. Because minutes are the official record of the meeting, you want them to reflect positively on the participants and the organization.(Mike Markel, Technical Communication, 9th ed. Bedford/St. Martins, 2010)Guidelines for Writing Meeting Minutes- The recorder should be able to write the minutes in near final form as the meeting prog resses.- The minutes should focus on results and agreed-on actions. . . .- The minutes should be highly summarized, not a burden to read. Be brief; summarize outcomes and points of agreement and disagreement; dont record detailed input.- Avoid writing minutes for the purpose of informing those absent from the meeting.- Write the minutes soon after the meeting and distribute them promptly (within a day or two).(Murray Hiebert and Bruce Klatt, The Encyclopedia of Leadership: A Practical Guide to Popular Leadership. McGraw-Hill, 2001) The Lighter Side of Minutes Russell Stringer  Bell:  [W]hat is that?Sean Shamrock  McGinty: Robert Rules say we gotta have minutes for a meeting, right? These the minutes.Russell Stringer Bell:  [I]s you taking notes on a criminal . . . conspiracy?(Idris Elba and Richard Burton in Straight and True. The Wire, 2004)

William Rosecrans - General William Rosecrans - Civil War - Army of the Cumberland

William Rosecrans - General William Rosecrans - Civil War - Army of the Cumberland William Rosecrans - Early Life Career: William Starke Rosecrans was born at Little Taylor Run, OH on September 6, 1819. The son of Crandall Rosecrans and Jemima Hopkins, he received little formal education as a youngster and was forced to rely on what he could learn from books. Leaving home at age thirteen, he clerked at a store in Mansfield, OH before attempting to obtain an appointment to West Point from Representative Alexander Harper. Meeting with the congressman, his interview proved so impressive that he received the appointment that Harper had intended to give to his son. Entering West Point in 1838, Rosecrans proved a gifted student. Dubbed Old Rosy by his classmates, he excelled in the classroom and graduated ranked 5th in a class of 56. For this academic achievement, Rosecrans was assigned to the Corps of Engineers as a brevet second lieutenant. Marrying Anna Hegeman on August 24, 1843, Rosecrans received a posting to Fort Monroe, VA. After a year there, he requested and was granted a transfer back to West Point to teach engineering. With the outbreak of the Mexican-American War in 1846, he was retained at the academy while his classmates went south to fight. William Rosecrans - Leaving the Army: While the fighting raged, Rosecrans continued teaching before moving to Rhode Island and Massachusetts on engineering assignments. Later ordered to the Washington Navy Yard, Rosecrans began seeking civilian jobs to aid in supporting his growing family. In 1851, he sought a teaching post at the Virginia Military Institute, but turned down when the school hired Thomas J. Jackson. In 1854, after suffering from declining health, Rosecrans left the US Army and took a position with a mining company in western Virginia. A skillful businessman, he prospered and later formed an oil refining company in Cincinnati, OH. William Rosecrans - The Civil War Begins: Badly burned during an accident in 1859, Rosecrans required eighteen months to recover. His return to health coincided with the start of the Civil War in 1861. Offering his services to Ohio Governor William Dennison, Rosecrans was initially made an aide-de-camp to Major General George B. McClellan before being promoted to colonel and given command of the 23rd Ohio Infantry. Promoted to brigadier general on May 16, he won victories at Rich Mountain and Corricks Ford, though credit went to McClellan. When McClellan was ordered to Washington after the defeat at Bull Run, Rosecrans was given command in western Virginia. Eager to take action, Rosecrans lobbied for a winter campaign against Winchester, VA but was blocked by McClellan who promptly transferred away most of his troops. In March 1862, Major General John C. Frà ©mont replaced Rosecrans and he was ordered west to command two divisions in Major General John Popes Army of the Mississippi. Taking part in Major General Henry Hallecks Siege of Corinth in April and May, Rosecrans received command of the Army of the Mississippi in June when Pope was ordered east. Subordinate to Major General Ulysses S. Grant, Rosecrans argumentative personality clashed with his new commander. William Rosecrans - The Army of the Cumberland: On September 19, Rosecrans won the Battle of Iuka when he defeated Major General Stirling Price. The following month, he successfully defended Corinth though his men were hard-pressed for much of the battle. In the wake of the fighting, Rosecrans earned Grants ire when he failed to quickly pursue the beaten enemy. Hailed in the northern press, Rosecrans twin victories earned him command of XIV Corps which was soon renamed the Army of the Cumberland. Replacing Major General Don Carlos Buell who had recently checked the Confederates at Perryville, Rosecrans was promoted to major general. Re-equipping the army at Nashville, TN through November, Rosecrans came under fire from Halleck, now general-in-chief, for his inaction. Finally moving out in December, marched to attack General Braxton Braggs Army of Tennessee near Murfreesboro, TN. Opening the Battle of Stones River on December 31, both commanders intended to attack the others right flank. Moving first, Braggs assault drove back Rosecrans lines. Mounting a strong defense, the Union troops were able avert disaster. After both sides remained in place on January 1, 1863, Bragg again attacked the next day and sustained heavy losses. Unable to defeat Rosecrans, Bragg withdrew to Tullahoma, TN. Remaining at Murfreesboro for the next six months to reinforce and refit, Rosecrans again drew criticism from Washington for his inaction. After Halleck threatened to send some his troops to aid in Grants Siege of Vicksburg, the Army of the Cumberland finally moved out. Beginning on June 24, Rosecrans conducted the Tullahoma Campaign which saw him use a brilliant series of maneuvers to force Bragg out of central Tennessee in little more than a week while sustaining fewer than 600 casualties. William Rosecrans - Disaster at Chickamauga: Though a tremendous success, his accomplishment failed to garner major attention, much to his ire, due to the Union victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg. Pausing to assess his options, Rosecrans pressed on in late August. As before, he out-maneuvered Bragg and forced the Confederate commander to abandon Chattanooga. Union troops took the city on September 9. Abandoning the cautiousness that had been part of his earlier operations, Rosecrans pushed into northwest Georgia with his corps widely spread apart. When one was nearly beaten by Bragg at Daviss Cross Roads on September 11, Rosecrans ordered the army to concentrate near Chickamauga Creek. On September 19, Rosecrans met Braggs army near the creek and opened the Battle of Chickamauga. Recently reinforced by Lieutenant General James Longstreets corps from Virginia, Bragg began a series of attacks on the Union line. Holding through the day, Rosecrans army was driven from the field the next day after a poorly-worded order from his headquarters inadvertently opened a large gap in the Union line through which the Confederates attacked. Retreating to Chattanooga, Rosecrans attempted to organize a defense while Major General George H. Thomas delayed the Confederates. William Rosecrans - Removal from Command: Though he established a strong position at Chattanooga, Rosecrans was shattered by the defeat and his army was soon besieged by Bragg. Lacking the initiative to break out, Rosecrans position worsened. To remedy the situation, President Abraham Lincoln unified Union command in the West under Grant. Ordering reinforcements to Chattanooga, Grant arrived in the city and replaced Rosecrans with Thomas on October 19. Traveling north, Rosecrans received orders to command the Department of Missouri in January 1864. Overseeing operations, he defeated Prices Raid that fall. As a War Democrat, he was also briefly considered as a running mate for Lincoln in the 1864 election as the president was seeking a bi-partisan ticket. William Rosecrans - Later Life: Remaining in the US Army after the war, he resigned his commission on March 28, 1867. Briefly serving as US Ambassador to Mexico, he was quickly replaced with Grant became president. In the postwar years Rosecrans became involved in several railroad ventures and later was elected to Congress in 1881. Remaining in office until 1885, he continued to bicker with Grant over events during the war. Serving as Register of the Treasury (1885-1893) under President Grover Cleveland, Rosecrans died at his ranch in Redondo Beach, CA on March 11, 1898. In 1908, his remains were re-interred at Arlington National Cemetery. Selected Sources Civil War: William S. RosecransNational Park Service: William S. Rosecrans Ohio History: William S. Rosecrans

Global prespective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Global prespective - Essay Example The country has been described as one of the most stable Middle Eastern economies with a relatively good security situation. Since the gulf war in which the country was involved, Qatar has been a peaceful haven for business activities in the area. The government plays a huge role in the determination of what businesses should or should not run. The government has in recent times executed heavy censorship in the liquor and food businesses to the point of being authoritarian where different liquor business have been closed and no explanation offered for the same. Other businesses have however run independently. The country has good bilateral relationships with the United States and there are many US companies operating in the area hence it will be easy to establish our operations. American workers and companies face a little discrimination in the country as the countrys leadership attempts to maintain a pious image elsewhere while projecting the west as corrupt. There are however, no i ncidences of extreme fundamentalism. Qatars economy is hugely oil-based. The country has huge oil reserves that are estimated to last at least another century. The country has attempted to diversify from petroleum although it still accounts for more than 50% of the countrys Gross Domestic Product. The country embraces the ideals of free trade with limitation to business enterprises that have a connection with the Sharia law. The country has an effective tertiary industry with easily accessible banking and insurance services. The Qatar Financial center affords financial institutions globally competitive services, capital support and no interest loans(Forbes, 2012). The country has a cheap and efficient road transport owing to the low prices of petroleum and word-class road network. Communication is as developed with good internet and telephone coverage. The country has a good number of local and international media

Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Research Methods - Essay Example Hence, it is the research question B which is least suitable for hypothesis testing. The purpose is to find out different sources of income that are being currently utilized by the households, living in the communities surrounding the national park. The question is mainly exploratory in nature. It would not be appropriate to predict one particular livelihood as the answer of the question and develop a hypothesis on the basis of such prediction. Hypothesis corresponding to question D: Environmental education causes significant changes in the behavior of local people. In other words to say, environmental education makes local people more environment friendly. Hypothesis corresponding to question E: The Third species of tomato among the three proposed varieties of tomato is the most suitable variety for the local farming system for the purpose of cash cropping. Since the basic objective here is to find out what changes have occurred in the composition of the forest over time since the creation of the park. Here composition of the forest is the variable to be examined. Here relationship between two variables – the distance from the transport routs and nature of livelihood- will be examined. The objective here is to find out whether people living in proximity to the transport routs have a tendency to adopt commercial farming as their livelihood. Hence Cross sectional Comparison would be appropriate for testing this hypothesis. Purpose is to find out which variety of the tomato proposed for cash cropping in the areas adjacent to the park is best suited to the local farming system. The extent of suitability will be measured in terms of the yield that each of the variety is capable of producing within a particular time period using same local technique under same environmental and other required conditions for farming. The hypothesis is that â€Å"the third species of tomato among the three proposed varieties of tomato is the most

IRIS module Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

IRIS module - Essay Example As the principal, she is held accountable for the outcome; an issue that seems to have confused her, she doesn’t know where to begin. The results have created trouble for the institution as could be read from Ms. Flores statement. Examination or test scores that are used to determine sanctions or punishment in general, accolades, graduation or promotion for students and compensations best describe what high stakes are. According to Ms. Flores, the tests were meant to be used in determining the best school at the district level and grading for students. It was an important decision; knowing the best school in terms of academic performance and accountability for the school administrators. The test was also to be used for promoting students to the next level; that is indicated when she categorically stated that students with disabilities are going to be left behind. These are the reasons why she (Ms. Flores) describes the testing as high stakes. High-stakes testing are relevant to both general students and students with disabilities. However, knowing the weakness in a student with a disability may be difficult compared to general students (students without disabilities). The test will enable the teachers to know the weakness in the students and come up with appropriate solution to help them improve. The test helps in measuring how well the students with disabilities learn; therefore can be used to strengthen and improve overall academic standard of the institutions. It is the responsibility of every teacher to ensure that the student get the required knowledge in the classroom. In this case, the teacher is responsible for the students’ performance since he/she is authorized to give the knowledge. The process of giving the knowledge to the student is done through following the accepted professional standards that meet the demand of accountability. The teachers